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Population and sample

A population is every occurrence of a control during a review period; a sample is the subset of it an auditor selects and tests.

For a control that runs often, such as onboarding or production changes, the auditor first asks for the complete population, checks it is complete, then tests a sample. Rarely run controls may be tested in full.

The SOC 2 evidence list sets out the populations auditors ask for.

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Related terms

Audit evidence
Audit evidence is the record that a control operated as described, such as an approved change ticket, an access review record or a restore test result.
Exception
An exception is a deviation an auditor finds when testing a control, such as a skipped access review or a change deployed without the required approval.
Review period
The review period is the window of time a SOC 2 Type 2 covers, over which the auditor tests whether controls operated effectively.

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